K získaniu dôkazov z automatizovaných vozidiel a pokročilých asistenčných systémov vozidiel.

To obtain evidence from automated vehicles and advanced vehicle assistance systems.

JUDr. Ing. František Vojtuš, PhD., vyšetrovateľ PZ, externý spolupracovník Katedry trestného práva, kriminológie a kriminalistiky Právnickej fakulty UK v Bratislave
Doc. JUDr. Marek Kordík, PhD., Katedra trestného práva, kriminológie a kriminalistiky Právnickej fakulty UK v Bratislave

Právny obzor, 109, 2026, No. 2, pp. 157 – 190.

Published online: 2026

https://doi.org/10.31577/pravnyobzor.2026.2.04

Abstract. The paper deals with the issue of automated vehicles and their relationship to criminal law, particularly in the area of evidence in criminal proceedings. The introduction analyzes the legal and technical definition of automated vehicles within the European Union and the Slovak Republic, based on the SAE J3016 standard, relevant EU legal acts, and Slovak legislation. The following section focuses on defining the relationship between automated vehicles and criminal law. This is followed by an analysis of the possibility of securing evidence from an Event Data Recorder (EDR), which, according to EU legislation, is an advanced driving assistance system, namely for the purposes of criminal proceedings. EDR data can play a key role in reconstructing traffic accidents and proving criminal offenses, particularly in determining liability and the facts of the case. The paper analyzes the legal possibilities of obtaining and securing data from the EDR system through procedural institutions of the Criminal Procedure Code, also with regard to the principles of legality, proportionality, and subsidiarity. In the following section, the paper focuses on the expected problems of obtaining electronic evidence from fully automated vehicles of levels 4 and 5 according to the SAE standard, which use artificial intelligence. It identifies new legal and technological challenges associated with this. Finally, the current legal restrictions on the use of possible future automated vehicle systems in obtaining evidence for profiling or biometric identification of persons are presented. The article also indicates the growing importance of data generated by vehicle assistance systems and automated vehicles, especially their potential as a source of electronic evidence in criminal proceedings. At the same time, it presents the issue of procedural securing of such evidence in criminal proceedings, both in terms of the existing legal framework and potential future challenges.

Key words: autonomous vehicles, artificial inteligence, criminal procedure, e-evidence, EDR, criminal liability

* Táto práca bola podporená Agentúrou na podporu výskumu a vývoja na základe zmluvy č. APVV-23-0519 Právne a technické výzvy inteligentnej mobility na zvýšenie bezpečnosti cestnej premávky.

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ISSN 2729-9228
(online)

ISSN 0032-6984
(print)

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Právny obzor je recenzovaný časopis a je indexovaný v databázach SCOPUS a HeinOnline (INDEX TO FOREIGN LEGAL PERIODICALS)

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