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OVEČKOVÁ
Zmluvná pokuta v procese
rekodifikácie súkromného práva (návrh novely Občianskeho zákonníka)
Contractual penalty in
the process of recodification of private law (draft amendment to the Civil Code)
Prof. JUDr. Oľga Ovečková,
DrSc., Institute of State and Law of Slovak Academy of Sciences
Právny obzor, Volume 102, 2019,
No. 2,
pp. 168 – 179.
Published online: 31.8.2021
Abstract. The article
addresses pending and open issues of the proposed legal regulation of
contractual penalty as part of the attempt to unify the obligation law in the
draft amendment to the Civil Code. Proposed changes are assessed in terms of
their purpose, but also in terms of their continuity and comparison with legal
regulation in the new Czech Civil Code. The article also highlights some changes
in the terminology, but in particular it addresses substantive changes in legal
regulation of a contractual penalty. The article focuses on: legal nature of
contractual penalty and definition of secured obligation; formal or informal
character of contractual penalty; liability nature of contractual penalty;
relation between contractual penalty and compensation for damage, moderation
right of the court; differentiation of contractual penalty from default interest.
Changes in the proposed regulation can be evaluated as fundamental. They
manifest themselves in the following areas: a) By explicit legal regulation the
draft extends the scope of legal obligations that may be secured by a
contractual penalty beyond the scope of contractual obligations. b) It
explicitly allows for a penalty in kind. c) The liability principle of
application of a contractual penalty changes as compared to the de lege lata
status. In relations among citizens it is tightened, while in relations among
entrepreneurs it is loosened. On several occasions the article highlights some
issues that need to be discussed or even modified in the draft amendment.
Key words: contractual
penalty, written form, liberation reasons, damage, limitation of damage
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ISSN 2729-9228
(online)
ISSN 0032-6984
(print)
TEORETICKÝ
ČASOPIS PRE OTÁZKY ŠTÁTU A PRÁVA.
Právny obzor je
recenzovaný časopis a je indexovaný v databázach SCOPUS a HeinOnline
(INDEX TO FOREIGN LEGAL PERIODICALS)
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